feat: hive setup data model and API (Beute L1)

Each colony can now hold its hive setup (Ist-Zustand) as validated
JSON with an append-only change log:

- catalog: hive systems and part types with dimensions, placement
  rules and state fields; Liebig-Zander 10 seeded with fixed ids
  (owner's equipment incl. Bausperre, Futterzarge, Nassenheider)
- pure domain module (operations, validator, derived facts) with
  shared JSON fixtures the frontend runs too
- API: catalog (hive-systems:manage), setup create/change/history/
  state at a day (colonies:read/update), 409 HIVE_CONFLICT with the
  current state, idempotent writes, HiveChanged event
- inspections can carry hive ops saved in the same transaction
- backup export/import of the new tables (backup wins per colony)
- docs: ARCHITECTURE section 13, Annahmen 95-100

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <[email protected]>

ApiCore-Backend/src/hive/hive-errors.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import {
+  BadRequestException,
+  ConflictException,
+  NotFoundException,
+} from '@nestjs/common';
+import type { HiveState } from './hive-types';
+
+/** 409: an operation failed against the current state (spec 6.2). */
+export class HiveConflictException extends ConflictException {
+  constructor(
+    opIndex: number,
+    reason: string,
+    current: { version: number; state: HiveState },
+  ) {
+    super({
+      statusCode: 409,
+      code: 'HIVE_CONFLICT',
+      message: 'Die Änderung passt nicht mehr zum aktuellen Aufbau.',
+      opIndex,
+      reason,
+      current,
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+export function hiveNotFound(): NotFoundException {
+  return new NotFoundException({
+    statusCode: 404,
+    code: 'HIVE_NOT_FOUND',
+    message: 'Für dieses Volk gibt es noch keinen Aufbau.',
+  });
+}
+
+export function hiveExists(): ConflictException {
+  return new ConflictException({
+    statusCode: 409,
+    code: 'HIVE_EXISTS',
+    message: 'Für dieses Volk gibt es schon einen Aufbau.',
+  });
+}
+
+export function invalidDay(field: string): BadRequestException {
+  return new BadRequestException(`${field} must be a valid YYYY-MM-DD day`);
+}