diff --git a/ApiCore-Backend/src/app.module.ts b/ApiCore-Backend/src/app.module.ts
index 5064b56..13c7a74 100644
--- a/ApiCore-Backend/src/app.module.ts
+++ b/ApiCore-Backend/src/app.module.ts
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ import { SwarmControlModule } from './swarm-control/swarm-control.module';
 import { WeatherModule } from './weather/weather.module';
 import { ProfileModule } from './profile/profile.module';
 import { SiteSettingsModule } from './site-settings/site-settings.module';
+import { BackupModule } from './backup/backup.module';
 import { JwtAuthGuard } from './auth/guards/jwt-auth.guard';
 import { PermissionsGuard } from './auth/guards/permissions.guard';
 import { PermissionsModule } from './auth/permissions/permissions.module';
@@ -89,6 +90,7 @@ import { PermissionsModule } from './auth/permissions/permissions.module';
     WeatherModule,
     ProfileModule,
     SiteSettingsModule,
+    BackupModule,
   ],
   controllers: [],
   providers: [
diff --git a/ApiCore-Backend/src/auth/permissions/permission-catalog.ts b/ApiCore-Backend/src/auth/permissions/permission-catalog.ts
index 311177c..29ae03f 100644
--- a/ApiCore-Backend/src/auth/permissions/permission-catalog.ts
+++ b/ApiCore-Backend/src/auth/permissions/permission-catalog.ts
@@ -285,6 +285,15 @@ export const PERMISSION_CATALOG = [
     ],
     3100,
   ),
+  ...group(
+    'Backup',
+    'backup',
+    [
+      ['export', 'Exportieren'],
+      ['import', 'Importieren'],
+    ],
+    3200,
+  ),
 ] as const satisfies readonly PermissionCatalogEntry[];
 
 export type PermissionKey = (typeof PERMISSION_CATALOG)[number]['key'];
diff --git a/ApiCore-Backend/src/backup/backup.controller.ts b/ApiCore-Backend/src/backup/backup.controller.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2feb169
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ApiCore-Backend/src/backup/backup.controller.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+import {
+  BadRequestException,
+  Controller,
+  Get,
+  Post,
+  Res,
+  UploadedFile,
+  UseInterceptors,
+} from '@nestjs/common';
+import { FileInterceptor } from '@nestjs/platform-express';
+import { ApiBearerAuth, ApiConsumes, ApiTags } from '@nestjs/swagger';
+import type { Response } from 'express';
+import { RequirePermission } from '../auth/decorators/require-permission.decorator';
+import { CurrentUser } from '../auth/decorators/current-user.decorator';
+import type { AuthenticatedUser } from '../auth/types/authenticated-user';
+import { BackupBundle, BackupService } from './backup.service';
+
+// A full backup bundle can be much larger than the 5mb CSV import cap
+// elsewhere (dozens of tables, potentially years of records, plus embedded
+// label-template images) - 50mb comfortably covers a real dataset without
+// raising the app-wide JSON body limit for every other route.
+const MAX_BACKUP_FILE_SIZE_BYTES = 50 * 1024 * 1024;
+
+@ApiTags('backup')
+@ApiBearerAuth()
+@Controller('backup')
+export class BackupController {
+  constructor(private readonly backupService: BackupService) {}
+
+  @RequirePermission('backup:export')
+  @Get('export')
+  async export(@Res() res: Response): Promise<void> {
+    const bundle = await this.backupService.exportAll();
+    const filename = `apicore-backup-${new Date().toISOString().slice(0, 10)}.json`;
+    res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json; charset=utf-8');
+    res.setHeader('Content-Disposition', `attachment; filename="${filename}"`);
+    res.send(JSON.stringify(bundle, null, 2));
+  }
+
+  @RequirePermission('backup:import')
+  @Post('import')
+  @ApiConsumes('multipart/form-data')
+  @UseInterceptors(
+    FileInterceptor('file', {
+      limits: { fileSize: MAX_BACKUP_FILE_SIZE_BYTES },
+      fileFilter: (_req, file, callback) => {
+        if (!file.originalname.toLowerCase().endsWith('.json')) {
+          callback(
+            new BadRequestException('Nur JSON-Dateien werden unterstützt'),
+            false,
+          );
+          return;
+        }
+        callback(null, true);
+      },
+    }),
+  )
+  async import(
+    @UploadedFile() file: Express.Multer.File | undefined,
+    @CurrentUser() actor: AuthenticatedUser,
+  ) {
+    if (!file) {
+      throw new BadRequestException('No file uploaded');
+    }
+    let bundle: BackupBundle;
+    try {
+      bundle = JSON.parse(file.buffer.toString('utf-8')) as BackupBundle;
+    } catch {
+      throw new BadRequestException('Datei ist kein gültiges JSON');
+    }
+    return this.backupService.importAll(bundle, actor.id);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/ApiCore-Backend/src/backup/backup.module.ts b/ApiCore-Backend/src/backup/backup.module.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a79055
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ApiCore-Backend/src/backup/backup.module.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { BackupController } from './backup.controller';
+import { BackupService } from './backup.service';
+
+@Module({
+  controllers: [BackupController],
+  providers: [BackupService],
+})
+export class BackupModule {}
diff --git a/ApiCore-Backend/src/backup/backup.service.spec.ts b/ApiCore-Backend/src/backup/backup.service.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd484ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ApiCore-Backend/src/backup/backup.service.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+import { BadRequestException } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { BackupService } from './backup.service';
+import { PrismaService } from '../prisma/prisma.service';
+import { AuditLogService } from '../audit/audit-log.service';
+
+const ENTITY_KEYS = [
+  'apiary',
+  'queen',
+  'colony',
+  'colonyApiaryHistory',
+  'colonyLineage',
+  'queenEvaluation',
+  'queenColonyHistory',
+  'inspection',
+  'taskTemplate',
+  'task',
+  'varroaMeasurement',
+  'swarmControlCheck',
+  'treatment',
+  'feeding',
+  'harvest',
+  'harvestColony',
+  'extraction',
+  'extractionHarvest',
+  'storageContainer',
+  'honeyBatch',
+  'honeyMeasurement',
+  'honeyBatchRelocation',
+  'stockItem',
+  'stockMovement',
+  'product',
+  'labelTemplate',
+  'bottlingBatch',
+  'equipment',
+  'webhookSubscription',
+  'automationRule',
+  'siteSettings',
+] as const;
+
+describe('BackupService', () => {
+  let service: BackupService;
+  let prisma: Record<string, { findMany: jest.Mock }> & {
+    user: { findMany: jest.Mock };
+    $transaction: jest.Mock;
+  };
+  let tx: Record<
+    string,
+    { upsert: jest.Mock; update?: jest.Mock }
+  >;
+  let auditLog: { record: jest.Mock };
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    tx = {};
+    for (const key of ENTITY_KEYS) {
+      tx[key] = { upsert: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({}) };
+    }
+    tx.queen.update = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({});
+
+    prisma = {
+      user: { findMany: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue([{ id: 'user-1' }]) },
+      $transaction: jest.fn(
+        (callback: (txArg: typeof tx) => unknown) => callback(tx),
+      ),
+    } as never;
+    for (const key of ENTITY_KEYS) {
+      prisma[key] = { findMany: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue([]) };
+    }
+
+    auditLog = { record: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined) };
+
+    service = new BackupService(
+      prisma as unknown as PrismaService,
+      auditLog as unknown as AuditLogService,
+    );
+  });
+
+  describe('exportAll', () => {
+    it('returns a versioned bundle with every entity key', async () => {
+      const bundle = await service.exportAll();
+
+      expect(bundle.version).toBe(1);
+      expect(typeof bundle.exportedAt).toBe('string');
+      for (const key of ENTITY_KEYS) {
+        expect(bundle.data).toHaveProperty(key);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('importAll', () => {
+    it('rejects a bundle with no data object', async () => {
+      await expect(
+        service.importAll({ version: 1 } as never, 'admin-1'),
+      ).rejects.toBeInstanceOf(BadRequestException);
+      expect(prisma.$transaction).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('links a self-referencing motherQueenId only after every queen exists', async () => {
+      await service.importAll(
+        {
+          version: 1,
+          exportedAt: '2026-01-01T00:00:00.000Z',
+          data: {
+            queen: [
+              { id: 'queen-daughter', motherQueenId: 'queen-mother' },
+              { id: 'queen-mother', motherQueenId: null },
+            ],
+          },
+        },
+        'admin-1',
+      );
+
+      // First pass: both queens upserted with motherQueenId stripped, so a
+      // daughter appearing before her mother in the array never violates
+      // the foreign key.
+      expect(tx.queen.upsert).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+      for (const call of tx.queen.upsert.mock.calls as {
+        create: { motherQueenId: string | null };
+      }[][]) {
+        expect(call[0].create.motherQueenId).toBeNull();
+      }
+      // Second pass: only the daughter's real motherQueenId is patched back.
+      expect(tx.queen.update).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(tx.queen.update).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        where: { id: 'queen-daughter' },
+        data: { motherQueenId: 'queen-mother' },
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('remaps a required userId that does not exist in the target database to the importing admin', async () => {
+      prisma.user.findMany.mockResolvedValue([{ id: 'known-user' }]);
+
+      await service.importAll(
+        {
+          version: 1,
+          exportedAt: '2026-01-01T00:00:00.000Z',
+          data: {
+            inspection: [
+              { id: 'inspection-1', colonyId: 'colony-1', userId: 'ghost-user' },
+            ],
+          },
+        },
+        'admin-1',
+      );
+
+      const [[call]] = tx.inspection.upsert.mock.calls as [
+        [{ create: { userId: string } }],
+      ];
+      expect(call.create.userId).toBe('admin-1');
+    });
+
+    it('keeps a required userId that does exist in the target database', async () => {
+      prisma.user.findMany.mockResolvedValue([{ id: 'known-user' }]);
+
+      await service.importAll(
+        {
+          version: 1,
+          exportedAt: '2026-01-01T00:00:00.000Z',
+          data: {
+            inspection: [
+              { id: 'inspection-1', colonyId: 'colony-1', userId: 'known-user' },
+            ],
+          },
+        },
+        'admin-1',
+      );
+
+      const [[call]] = tx.inspection.upsert.mock.calls as [
+        [{ create: { userId: string } }],
+      ];
+      expect(call.create.userId).toBe('known-user');
+    });
+
+    it('leaves an optional userId as null rather than substituting the admin', async () => {
+      await service.importAll(
+        {
+          version: 1,
+          exportedAt: '2026-01-01T00:00:00.000Z',
+          data: {
+            stockMovement: [
+              { id: 'movement-1', stockItemId: 'stock-1', userId: null },
+            ],
+          },
+        },
+        'admin-1',
+      );
+
+      const [[call]] = tx.stockMovement.upsert.mock.calls as [
+        [{ create: { userId: string | null } }],
+      ];
+      expect(call.create.userId).toBeNull();
+    });
+
+    it('upserts automationRule by triggerType, not id, and drops the source id', async () => {
+      await service.importAll(
+        {
+          version: 1,
+          exportedAt: '2026-01-01T00:00:00.000Z',
+          data: {
+            automationRule: [
+              {
+                id: 'source-db-id',
+                triggerType: 'VARROA_THRESHOLD',
+                active: true,
+              },
+            ],
+          },
+        },
+        'admin-1',
+      );
+
+      const [[call]] = tx.automationRule.upsert.mock.calls as [
+        [
+          {
+            where: { triggerType: string };
+            create: Record<string, unknown>;
+          },
+        ],
+      ];
+      expect(call.where).toEqual({ triggerType: 'VARROA_THRESHOLD' });
+      expect(call.create).not.toHaveProperty('id');
+    });
+
+    it('records an audit log entry with the per-entity import counts', async () => {
+      await service.importAll(
+        {
+          version: 1,
+          exportedAt: '2026-01-01T00:00:00.000Z',
+          data: { apiary: [{ id: 'apiary-1', name: 'Stand Wald' }] },
+        },
+        'admin-1',
+      );
+
+      expect(auditLog.record).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          entityType: 'Backup',
+          action: 'CREATE',
+          userId: 'admin-1',
+          afterData: expect.objectContaining({ apiary: 1 }),
+        }),
+      );
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/ApiCore-Backend/src/backup/backup.service.ts b/ApiCore-Backend/src/backup/backup.service.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54be8ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ApiCore-Backend/src/backup/backup.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,560 @@
+import { BadRequestException, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { PrismaService } from '../prisma/prisma.service';
+import { AuditLogService } from '../audit/audit-log.service';
+
+const BACKUP_VERSION = 1;
+const IMPORT_TRANSACTION_TIMEOUT_MS = 5 * 60 * 1000;
+
+export interface BackupBundle {
+  version: number;
+  exportedAt: string;
+  data: Record<string, unknown[]>;
+}
+
+export interface BackupImportSummary {
+  imported: Record<string, number>;
+}
+
+// Excluded on purpose:
+// - User/Role/Permission/RolePermission/RefreshToken: access control is
+//   managed live via the Benutzer & Rollen page, not round-tripped through a
+//   JSON file - Permission rows are also code-derived (re-synced from the
+//   catalog on every boot) and would just conflict with that.
+// - AuditLog: an immutable historical record, not data to restore.
+// - Notification: ephemeral, not worth backing up.
+// - Document: only the DB row (filename/path/size) would be backed up, not
+//   the actual uploaded file bytes on disk - a restored row pointing at a
+//   file that was never copied is worse than no row at all. File storage
+//   needs its own (volume-level) backup strategy.
+//
+// Every model below keeps a `userId`-shaped column pointing at the (excluded)
+// User table. On import, an id that doesn't exist in the target database is
+// replaced with the id of the admin performing the import - see
+// resolveUserId/resolveOptionalUserId.
+type Row = Record<string, unknown>;
+
+function asString(row: Row, key: string): string | null {
+  const value = row[key];
+  return typeof value === 'string' ? value : null;
+}
+
+@Injectable()
+export class BackupService {
+  constructor(
+    private readonly prisma: PrismaService,
+    private readonly auditLog: AuditLogService,
+  ) {}
+
+  async exportAll(): Promise<BackupBundle> {
+    const data: Record<string, unknown[]> = {};
+    data.apiary = await this.prisma.apiary.findMany();
+    data.queen = await this.prisma.queen.findMany();
+    data.colony = await this.prisma.colony.findMany();
+    data.colonyApiaryHistory = await this.prisma.colonyApiaryHistory.findMany();
+    data.colonyLineage = await this.prisma.colonyLineage.findMany();
+    data.queenEvaluation = await this.prisma.queenEvaluation.findMany();
+    data.queenColonyHistory = await this.prisma.queenColonyHistory.findMany();
+    data.inspection = await this.prisma.inspection.findMany();
+    data.taskTemplate = await this.prisma.taskTemplate.findMany();
+    data.task = await this.prisma.task.findMany();
+    data.varroaMeasurement = await this.prisma.varroaMeasurement.findMany();
+    data.swarmControlCheck = await this.prisma.swarmControlCheck.findMany();
+    data.treatment = await this.prisma.treatment.findMany();
+    data.feeding = await this.prisma.feeding.findMany();
+    data.harvest = await this.prisma.harvest.findMany();
+    data.harvestColony = await this.prisma.harvestColony.findMany();
+    data.extraction = await this.prisma.extraction.findMany();
+    data.extractionHarvest = await this.prisma.extractionHarvest.findMany();
+    data.storageContainer = await this.prisma.storageContainer.findMany();
+    data.honeyBatch = await this.prisma.honeyBatch.findMany();
+    data.honeyMeasurement = await this.prisma.honeyMeasurement.findMany();
+    data.honeyBatchRelocation =
+      await this.prisma.honeyBatchRelocation.findMany();
+    data.stockItem = await this.prisma.stockItem.findMany();
+    data.stockMovement = await this.prisma.stockMovement.findMany();
+    data.product = await this.prisma.product.findMany();
+    data.labelTemplate = await this.prisma.labelTemplate.findMany();
+    data.bottlingBatch = await this.prisma.bottlingBatch.findMany();
+    data.equipment = await this.prisma.equipment.findMany();
+    data.webhookSubscription = await this.prisma.webhookSubscription.findMany();
+    data.automationRule = await this.prisma.automationRule.findMany();
+    data.siteSettings = await this.prisma.siteSettings.findMany();
+
+    return {
+      version: BACKUP_VERSION,
+      exportedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+      data,
+    };
+  }
+
+  async importAll(
+    bundle: BackupBundle,
+    actingUserId: string,
+  ): Promise<BackupImportSummary> {
+    if (
+      typeof bundle !== 'object' ||
+      bundle === null ||
+      typeof bundle.data !== 'object' ||
+      bundle.data === null
+    ) {
+      throw new BadRequestException('Invalid backup file');
+    }
+
+    const knownUserIds = new Set(
+      (await this.prisma.user.findMany({ select: { id: true } })).map(
+        (user) => user.id,
+      ),
+    );
+    const resolveUserId = (rawUserId: string | null): string =>
+      rawUserId !== null && knownUserIds.has(rawUserId)
+        ? rawUserId
+        : actingUserId;
+    const resolveOptionalUserId = (rawUserId: string | null): string | null =>
+      rawUserId === null ? null : resolveUserId(rawUserId);
+
+    const rowsOf = (key: string): Row[] => {
+      const value = bundle.data[key];
+      return Array.isArray(value) ? (value as Row[]) : [];
+    };
+
+    const imported: Record<string, number> = {};
+
+    await this.prisma.$transaction(
+      async (tx) => {
+        for (const row of rowsOf('apiary')) {
+          await tx.apiary.upsert({
+            where: { id: row.id as string },
+            create: row as never,
+            update: row as never,
+          });
+        }
+        imported.apiary = rowsOf('apiary').length;
+
+        // Inserted without motherQueenId first (a daughter queen can appear
+        // before her mother in export order) - patched in a second pass
+        // below once every queen row exists.
+        for (const row of rowsOf('queen')) {
+          const withoutMother: Row = { ...row, motherQueenId: null };
+          await tx.queen.upsert({
+            where: { id: row.id as string },
+            create: withoutMother as never,
+            update: withoutMother as never,
+          });
+        }
+        imported.queen = rowsOf('queen').length;
+
+        for (const row of rowsOf('colony')) {
+          await tx.colony.upsert({
+            where: { id: row.id as string },
+            create: row as never,
+            update: row as never,
+          });
+        }
+        imported.colony = rowsOf('colony').length;
+
+        for (const row of rowsOf('queen')) {
+          if (row.motherQueenId) {
+            await tx.queen.update({
+              where: { id: row.id as string },
+              data: { motherQueenId: row.motherQueenId as string },
+            });
+          }
+        }
+
+        for (const row of rowsOf('colonyApiaryHistory')) {
+          await tx.colonyApiaryHistory.upsert({
+            where: { id: row.id as string },
+            create: {
+              ...row,
+              movedByUserId: resolveOptionalUserId(
+                asString(row, 'movedByUserId'),
+              ),
+            } as never,
+            update: {
+              ...row,
+              movedByUserId: resolveOptionalUserId(
+                asString(row, 'movedByUserId'),
+              ),
+            } as never,
+          });
+        }
+        imported.colonyApiaryHistory = rowsOf('colonyApiaryHistory').length;
+
+        for (const row of rowsOf('colonyLineage')) {
+          await tx.colonyLineage.upsert({
+            where: { id: row.id as string },
+            create: row as never,
+            update: row as never,
+          });
+        }
+        imported.colonyLineage = rowsOf('colonyLineage').length;
+
+        for (const row of rowsOf('queenEvaluation')) {
+          await tx.queenEvaluation.upsert({
+            where: { id: row.id as string },
+            create: {
+              ...row,
+              userId: resolveOptionalUserId(asString(row, 'userId')),
+            } as never,
+            update: {
+              ...row,
+              userId: resolveOptionalUserId(asString(row, 'userId')),
+            } as never,
+          });
+        }
+        imported.queenEvaluation = rowsOf('queenEvaluation').length;
+
+        for (const row of rowsOf('queenColonyHistory')) {
+          await tx.queenColonyHistory.upsert({
+            where: { id: row.id as string },
+            create: row as never,
+            update: row as never,
+          });
+        }
+        imported.queenColonyHistory = rowsOf('queenColonyHistory').length;
+
+        for (const row of rowsOf('inspection')) {
+          await tx.inspection.upsert({
+            where: { id: row.id as string },
+            create: {
+              ...row,
+              userId: resolveUserId(asString(row, 'userId')),
+            } as never,
+            update: {
+              ...row,
+              userId: resolveUserId(asString(row, 'userId')),
+            } as never,
+          });
+        }
+        imported.inspection = rowsOf('inspection').length;
+
+        for (const row of rowsOf('taskTemplate')) {
+          await tx.taskTemplate.upsert({
+            where: { id: row.id as string },
+            create: {
+              ...row,
+              assignedUserId: resolveOptionalUserId(
+                asString(row, 'assignedUserId'),
+              ),
+              createdByUserId: resolveOptionalUserId(
+                asString(row, 'createdByUserId'),
+              ),
+            } as never,
+            update: {
+              ...row,
+              assignedUserId: resolveOptionalUserId(
+                asString(row, 'assignedUserId'),
+              ),
+              createdByUserId: resolveOptionalUserId(
+                asString(row, 'createdByUserId'),
+              ),
+            } as never,
+          });
+        }
+        imported.taskTemplate = rowsOf('taskTemplate').length;
+
+        for (const row of rowsOf('task')) {
+          await tx.task.upsert({
+            where: { id: row.id as string },
+            create: {
+              ...row,
+              assignedUserId: resolveOptionalUserId(
+                asString(row, 'assignedUserId'),
+              ),
+              createdByUserId: resolveOptionalUserId(
+                asString(row, 'createdByUserId'),
+              ),
+            } as never,
+            update: {
+              ...row,
+              assignedUserId: resolveOptionalUserId(
+                asString(row, 'assignedUserId'),
+              ),
+              createdByUserId: resolveOptionalUserId(
+                asString(row, 'createdByUserId'),
+              ),
+            } as never,
+          });
+        }
+        imported.task = rowsOf('task').length;
+
+        for (const row of rowsOf('varroaMeasurement')) {
+          await tx.varroaMeasurement.upsert({
+            where: { id: row.id as string },
+            create: {
+              ...row,
+              userId: resolveUserId(asString(row, 'userId')),
+            } as never,
+            update: {
+              ...row,
+              userId: resolveUserId(asString(row, 'userId')),
+            } as never,
+          });
+        }
+        imported.varroaMeasurement = rowsOf('varroaMeasurement').length;
+
+        for (const row of rowsOf('swarmControlCheck')) {
+          await tx.swarmControlCheck.upsert({
+            where: { id: row.id as string },
+            create: {
+              ...row,
+              userId: resolveUserId(asString(row, 'userId')),
+            } as never,
+            update: {
+              ...row,
+              userId: resolveUserId(asString(row, 'userId')),
+            } as never,
+          });
+        }
+        imported.swarmControlCheck = rowsOf('swarmControlCheck').length;
+
+        for (const row of rowsOf('treatment')) {
+          await tx.treatment.upsert({
+            where: { id: row.id as string },
+            create: {
+              ...row,
+              userId: resolveUserId(asString(row, 'userId')),
+            } as never,
+            update: {
+              ...row,
+              userId: resolveUserId(asString(row, 'userId')),
+            } as never,
+          });
+        }
+        imported.treatment = rowsOf('treatment').length;
+
+        for (const row of rowsOf('feeding')) {
+          await tx.feeding.upsert({
+            where: { id: row.id as string },
+            create: {
+              ...row,
+              userId: resolveUserId(asString(row, 'userId')),
+            } as never,
+            update: {
+              ...row,
+              userId: resolveUserId(asString(row, 'userId')),
+            } as never,
+          });
+        }
+        imported.feeding = rowsOf('feeding').length;
+
+        for (const row of rowsOf('harvest')) {
+          await tx.harvest.upsert({
+            where: { id: row.id as string },
+            create: {
+              ...row,
+              userId: resolveUserId(asString(row, 'userId')),
+            } as never,
+            update: {
+              ...row,
+              userId: resolveUserId(asString(row, 'userId')),
+            } as never,
+          });
+        }
+        imported.harvest = rowsOf('harvest').length;
+
+        for (const row of rowsOf('harvestColony')) {
+          await tx.harvestColony.upsert({
+            where: { id: row.id as string },
+            create: row as never,
+            update: row as never,
+          });
+        }
+        imported.harvestColony = rowsOf('harvestColony').length;
+
+        for (const row of rowsOf('extraction')) {
+          await tx.extraction.upsert({
+            where: { id: row.id as string },
+            create: {
+              ...row,
+              userId: resolveUserId(asString(row, 'userId')),
+            } as never,
+            update: {
+              ...row,
+              userId: resolveUserId(asString(row, 'userId')),
+            } as never,
+          });
+        }
+        imported.extraction = rowsOf('extraction').length;
+
+        for (const row of rowsOf('extractionHarvest')) {
+          await tx.extractionHarvest.upsert({
+            where: { id: row.id as string },
+            create: row as never,
+            update: row as never,
+          });
+        }
+        imported.extractionHarvest = rowsOf('extractionHarvest').length;
+
+        for (const row of rowsOf('storageContainer')) {
+          await tx.storageContainer.upsert({
+            where: { id: row.id as string },
+            create: row as never,
+            update: row as never,
+          });
+        }
+        imported.storageContainer = rowsOf('storageContainer').length;
+
+        for (const row of rowsOf('honeyBatch')) {
+          await tx.honeyBatch.upsert({
+            where: { id: row.id as string },
+            create: row as never,
+            update: row as never,
+          });
+        }
+        imported.honeyBatch = rowsOf('honeyBatch').length;
+
+        for (const row of rowsOf('honeyMeasurement')) {
+          await tx.honeyMeasurement.upsert({
+            where: { id: row.id as string },
+            create: {
+              ...row,
+              userId: resolveUserId(asString(row, 'userId')),
+            } as never,
+            update: {
+              ...row,
+              userId: resolveUserId(asString(row, 'userId')),
+            } as never,
+          });
+        }
+        imported.honeyMeasurement = rowsOf('honeyMeasurement').length;
+
+        for (const row of rowsOf('honeyBatchRelocation')) {
+          await tx.honeyBatchRelocation.upsert({
+            where: { id: row.id as string },
+            create: {
+              ...row,
+              userId: resolveOptionalUserId(asString(row, 'userId')),
+            } as never,
+            update: {
+              ...row,
+              userId: resolveOptionalUserId(asString(row, 'userId')),
+            } as never,
+          });
+        }
+        imported.honeyBatchRelocation = rowsOf('honeyBatchRelocation').length;
+
+        for (const row of rowsOf('stockItem')) {
+          await tx.stockItem.upsert({
+            where: { id: row.id as string },
+            create: row as never,
+            update: row as never,
+          });
+        }
+        imported.stockItem = rowsOf('stockItem').length;
+
+        for (const row of rowsOf('stockMovement')) {
+          await tx.stockMovement.upsert({
+            where: { id: row.id as string },
+            create: {
+              ...row,
+              userId: resolveOptionalUserId(asString(row, 'userId')),
+            } as never,
+            update: {
+              ...row,
+              userId: resolveOptionalUserId(asString(row, 'userId')),
+            } as never,
+          });
+        }
+        imported.stockMovement = rowsOf('stockMovement').length;
+
+        for (const row of rowsOf('product')) {
+          await tx.product.upsert({
+            where: { id: row.id as string },
+            create: row as never,
+            update: row as never,
+          });
+        }
+        imported.product = rowsOf('product').length;
+
+        for (const row of rowsOf('labelTemplate')) {
+          await tx.labelTemplate.upsert({
+            where: { id: row.id as string },
+            create: row as never,
+            update: row as never,
+          });
+        }
+        imported.labelTemplate = rowsOf('labelTemplate').length;
+
+        for (const row of rowsOf('bottlingBatch')) {
+          await tx.bottlingBatch.upsert({
+            where: { id: row.id as string },
+            create: {
+              ...row,
+              userId: resolveOptionalUserId(asString(row, 'userId')),
+            } as never,
+            update: {
+              ...row,
+              userId: resolveOptionalUserId(asString(row, 'userId')),
+            } as never,
+          });
+        }
+        imported.bottlingBatch = rowsOf('bottlingBatch').length;
+
+        for (const row of rowsOf('equipment')) {
+          await tx.equipment.upsert({
+            where: { id: row.id as string },
+            create: row as never,
+            update: row as never,
+          });
+        }
+        imported.equipment = rowsOf('equipment').length;
+
+        for (const row of rowsOf('webhookSubscription')) {
+          await tx.webhookSubscription.upsert({
+            where: { id: row.id as string },
+            create: {
+              ...row,
+              createdByUserId: resolveOptionalUserId(
+                asString(row, 'createdByUserId'),
+              ),
+            } as never,
+            update: {
+              ...row,
+              createdByUserId: resolveOptionalUserId(
+                asString(row, 'createdByUserId'),
+              ),
+            } as never,
+          });
+        }
+        imported.webhookSubscription = rowsOf('webhookSubscription').length;
+
+        // Keyed by triggerType (its real unique key), not id: these rows are
+        // fixed, code-known trigger definitions rather than freely created
+        // data, and the target database's own row for the same triggerType
+        // may already exist under a different id.
+        for (const row of rowsOf('automationRule')) {
+          const withoutId: Row = { ...row };
+          delete withoutId.id;
+          await tx.automationRule.upsert({
+            where: { triggerType: row.triggerType as never },
+            create: withoutId as never,
+            update: withoutId as never,
+          });
+        }
+        imported.automationRule = rowsOf('automationRule').length;
+
+        for (const row of rowsOf('siteSettings')) {
+          const { id, ...withoutId } = row;
+          await tx.siteSettings.upsert({
+            where: { id: (id as string) ?? 'singleton' },
+            create: row as never,
+            update: withoutId as never,
+          });
+        }
+        imported.siteSettings = rowsOf('siteSettings').length;
+      },
+      { timeout: IMPORT_TRANSACTION_TIMEOUT_MS },
+    );
+
+    await this.auditLog.record({
+      entityType: 'Backup',
+      entityId: 'import',
+      action: 'CREATE',
+      userId: actingUserId,
+      afterData: imported,
+    });
+
+    return { imported };
+  }
+}