feat: RBAC Rollen & Rechte (Phase 1 - Datenmodell, Roles-Verwaltung, Guard-Infrastruktur)

Replaces the fixed 5-value Role enum with a database-driven Role/Permission
model: admins can create custom roles with a precise per-resource/action
permission set (83-key code-owned catalog), instead of being locked to
ADMIN/BEEKEEPER/STAFF/READONLY/API_CLIENT.

- New Role/Permission/RolePermission tables; legacy Role enum renamed to
  LegacyRole and kept as User.legacyRole so all existing @Roles() call
  sites keep working unchanged during the migration.
- New RolesController/RolesService (CRUD, permission-set editing,
  deactivate/reactivate) with lockout-prevention invariants: system roles
  (ADMIN) can't be edited or deactivated, and a role still assigned to
  users can't be deactivated.
- New PermissionResolverService (30s-cached, DB-fresh per user) and
  PermissionsGuard + @RequirePermission(), registered as an additional
  APP_GUARD alongside the legacy RolesGuard so both systems run
  side-by-side until controllers are migrated in Phase 2.
- PermissionCatalogSyncService seeds any new catalog entries into the DB
  on boot, so future features only touch the TS catalog.
- New GET /auth/me returns the caller's role and effective permissions.
- Migration hand-written (destructive column rename) with grants derived
  from a fresh grep of every existing @Roles() call site, verified
  against 5 controllers read in full for STAFF's exact write boundary.
- test/roles.e2e-spec.ts covers the new endpoints and invariants end to
  end; test/authorization-coverage.e2e-spec.ts added but skipped until
  Phase 2 gives every controller a @RequirePermission.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <[email protected]>

ApiCore-Backend/src/roles/roles.controller.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+import { Body, Controller, Get, Param, Patch, Post } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { ApiBearerAuth, ApiTags } from '@nestjs/swagger';
+import { RequirePermission } from '../auth/decorators/require-permission.decorator';
+import { CurrentUser } from '../auth/decorators/current-user.decorator';
+import type { AuthenticatedUser } from '../auth/types/authenticated-user';
+import { PERMISSION_CATALOG } from '../auth/permissions/permission-catalog';
+import { CreateRoleDto } from './dto/create-role.dto';
+import { UpdateRoleDto } from './dto/update-role.dto';
+import { RolesService } from './roles.service';
+
+@ApiTags('roles')
+@ApiBearerAuth()
+@Controller('roles')
+export class RolesController {
+  constructor(private readonly rolesService: RolesService) {}
+
+  @Get('permission-catalog')
+  @RequirePermission('roles:read')
+  getPermissionCatalog() {
+    return PERMISSION_CATALOG;
+  }
+
+  @Get()
+  @RequirePermission('roles:read')
+  findAll() {
+    return this.rolesService.findAll();
+  }
+
+  @Get(':id')
+  @RequirePermission('roles:read')
+  findOne(@Param('id') id: string) {
+    return this.rolesService.findSummaryById(id);
+  }
+
+  @Post()
+  @RequirePermission('roles:create')
+  create(@Body() dto: CreateRoleDto, @CurrentUser() actor: AuthenticatedUser) {
+    return this.rolesService.create(dto, actor.id);
+  }
+
+  @Patch(':id')
+  @RequirePermission('roles:update')
+  update(
+    @Param('id') id: string,
+    @Body() dto: UpdateRoleDto,
+    @CurrentUser() actor: AuthenticatedUser,
+  ) {
+    return this.rolesService.update(id, dto, actor.id);
+  }
+
+  @Post(':id/deactivate')
+  @RequirePermission('roles:deactivate')
+  deactivate(@Param('id') id: string, @CurrentUser() actor: AuthenticatedUser) {
+    return this.rolesService.deactivate(id, actor.id);
+  }
+
+  @Post(':id/reactivate')
+  @RequirePermission('roles:deactivate')
+  reactivate(@Param('id') id: string, @CurrentUser() actor: AuthenticatedUser) {
+    return this.rolesService.reactivate(id, actor.id);
+  }
+}