feat: RBAC Rollen & Rechte (Phase 1 - Datenmodell, Roles-Verwaltung, Guard-Infrastruktur)

Replaces the fixed 5-value Role enum with a database-driven Role/Permission
model: admins can create custom roles with a precise per-resource/action
permission set (83-key code-owned catalog), instead of being locked to
ADMIN/BEEKEEPER/STAFF/READONLY/API_CLIENT.

- New Role/Permission/RolePermission tables; legacy Role enum renamed to
  LegacyRole and kept as User.legacyRole so all existing @Roles() call
  sites keep working unchanged during the migration.
- New RolesController/RolesService (CRUD, permission-set editing,
  deactivate/reactivate) with lockout-prevention invariants: system roles
  (ADMIN) can't be edited or deactivated, and a role still assigned to
  users can't be deactivated.
- New PermissionResolverService (30s-cached, DB-fresh per user) and
  PermissionsGuard + @RequirePermission(), registered as an additional
  APP_GUARD alongside the legacy RolesGuard so both systems run
  side-by-side until controllers are migrated in Phase 2.
- PermissionCatalogSyncService seeds any new catalog entries into the DB
  on boot, so future features only touch the TS catalog.
- New GET /auth/me returns the caller's role and effective permissions.
- Migration hand-written (destructive column rename) with grants derived
  from a fresh grep of every existing @Roles() call site, verified
  against 5 controllers read in full for STAFF's exact write boundary.
- test/roles.e2e-spec.ts covers the new endpoints and invariants end to
  end; test/authorization-coverage.e2e-spec.ts added but skipped until
  Phase 2 gives every controller a @RequirePermission.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <[email protected]>

ApiCore-Backend/src/roles/dto/create-role.dto.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import { ApiProperty, ApiPropertyOptional } from '@nestjs/swagger';
+import {
+  IsArray,
+  IsIn,
+  IsOptional,
+  IsString,
+  Matches,
+  MaxLength,
+  MinLength,
+} from 'class-validator';
+import {
+  PERMISSION_CATALOG,
+  PermissionKey,
+} from '../../auth/permissions/permission-catalog';
+
+const CATALOG_KEYS = PERMISSION_CATALOG.map((entry) => entry.key);
+
+export class CreateRoleDto {
+  @ApiProperty({ description: 'Eindeutiger Schlüssel, z.B. INSPECTOR' })
+  @IsString()
+  @MinLength(2)
+  @MaxLength(40)
+  @Matches(/^[A-Z][A-Z0-9_]*$/, {
+    message: 'key muss GROSS_MIT_UNTERSTRICHEN sein',
+  })
+  key!: string;
+
+  @ApiProperty()
+  @IsString()
+  @MinLength(2)
+  @MaxLength(100)
+  name!: string;
+
+  @ApiPropertyOptional()
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(500)
+  description?: string;
+
+  @ApiProperty({ enum: CATALOG_KEYS, isArray: true })
+  @IsArray()
+  @IsIn(CATALOG_KEYS, { each: true })
+  permissionKeys!: PermissionKey[];
+}

ApiCore-Backend/src/roles/dto/update-role.dto.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import { ApiPropertyOptional } from '@nestjs/swagger';
+import {
+  IsArray,
+  IsIn,
+  IsOptional,
+  IsString,
+  MaxLength,
+  MinLength,
+} from 'class-validator';
+import {
+  PERMISSION_CATALOG,
+  PermissionKey,
+} from '../../auth/permissions/permission-catalog';
+
+const CATALOG_KEYS = PERMISSION_CATALOG.map((entry) => entry.key);
+
+export class UpdateRoleDto {
+  @ApiPropertyOptional()
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsString()
+  @MinLength(2)
+  @MaxLength(100)
+  name?: string;
+
+  @ApiPropertyOptional()
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(500)
+  description?: string;
+
+  @ApiPropertyOptional({ enum: CATALOG_KEYS, isArray: true })
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsArray()
+  @IsIn(CATALOG_KEYS, { each: true })
+  permissionKeys?: PermissionKey[];
+}