feat: RBAC Rollen & Rechte (Phase 1 - Datenmodell, Roles-Verwaltung, Guard-Infrastruktur)

Replaces the fixed 5-value Role enum with a database-driven Role/Permission
model: admins can create custom roles with a precise per-resource/action
permission set (83-key code-owned catalog), instead of being locked to
ADMIN/BEEKEEPER/STAFF/READONLY/API_CLIENT.

- New Role/Permission/RolePermission tables; legacy Role enum renamed to
  LegacyRole and kept as User.legacyRole so all existing @Roles() call
  sites keep working unchanged during the migration.
- New RolesController/RolesService (CRUD, permission-set editing,
  deactivate/reactivate) with lockout-prevention invariants: system roles
  (ADMIN) can't be edited or deactivated, and a role still assigned to
  users can't be deactivated.
- New PermissionResolverService (30s-cached, DB-fresh per user) and
  PermissionsGuard + @RequirePermission(), registered as an additional
  APP_GUARD alongside the legacy RolesGuard so both systems run
  side-by-side until controllers are migrated in Phase 2.
- PermissionCatalogSyncService seeds any new catalog entries into the DB
  on boot, so future features only touch the TS catalog.
- New GET /auth/me returns the caller's role and effective permissions.
- Migration hand-written (destructive column rename) with grants derived
  from a fresh grep of every existing @Roles() call site, verified
  against 5 controllers read in full for STAFF's exact write boundary.
- test/roles.e2e-spec.ts covers the new endpoints and invariants end to
  end; test/authorization-coverage.e2e-spec.ts added but skipped until
  Phase 2 gives every controller a @RequirePermission.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <[email protected]>

ApiCore-Backend/prisma/schema.prisma

@@ -16,7 +16,10 @@ datasource db {
 // Benutzer / Auth / Audit (Abschnitt 3, 14, 15, 16)
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-enum Role {
+// Superseded by the Role/Permission/RolePermission models below. Kept only
+// as a transitional column (User.legacyRole) until the RBAC rollout's
+// Phase 3 drops it — see docs/lastenheft.md RBAC migration notes.
+enum LegacyRole {
   ADMIN
   BEEKEEPER
   STAFF
@@ -24,15 +27,65 @@ enum Role {
   API_CLIENT
 }
 
+enum RoleStatus {
+  ACTIVE
+  INACTIVE
+}
+
+model Role {
+  id            String     @id @default(cuid())
+  key           String     @unique
+  name          String
+  description   String?
+  isSystem      Boolean    @default(false)
+  status        RoleStatus @default(ACTIVE)
+  createdAt     DateTime   @default(now())
+  updatedAt     DateTime   @updatedAt
+  deactivatedAt DateTime?
+
+  permissions RolePermission[]
+  users       User[]
+
+  @@index([status])
+}
+
+model Permission {
+  id        String @id @default(cuid())
+  key       String @unique
+  resource  String
+  action    String
+  labelDe   String
+  groupDe   String
+  sortOrder Int
+
+  roles RolePermission[]
+
+  @@unique([resource, action])
+  @@index([resource])
+}
+
+model RolePermission {
+  roleId       String
+  role         Role       @relation(fields: [roleId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
+  permissionId String
+  permission   Permission @relation(fields: [permissionId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
+  grantedAt    DateTime   @default(now())
+
+  @@id([roleId, permissionId])
+  @@index([permissionId])
+}
+
 model User {
-  id            String    @id @default(cuid())
-  email         String    @unique
+  id            String     @id @default(cuid())
+  email         String     @unique
   passwordHash  String
   name          String
-  role          Role      @default(STAFF)
-  isActive      Boolean   @default(true)
-  createdAt     DateTime  @default(now())
-  updatedAt     DateTime  @updatedAt
+  legacyRole    LegacyRole @default(STAFF)
+  roleId        String
+  role          Role       @relation(fields: [roleId], references: [id])
+  isActive      Boolean    @default(true)
+  createdAt     DateTime   @default(now())
+  updatedAt     DateTime   @updatedAt
   deactivatedAt DateTime?
 
   refreshTokens RefreshToken[]
@@ -59,7 +112,7 @@ model User {
   documents             Document[]
   honeyBatchRelocations HoneyBatchRelocation[]
 
-  @@index([role])
+  @@index([roleId])
 }
 
 model RefreshToken {